•  
  •  
 

Keywords

autoethnography, curiosity, higher education, internationalization, meaning, value co-creation

Abstract

Internationalization is an academic goal and quality measure in higher education, driven by governmental policies and target numbers of mobility, where quantitative measures are the norm. Discussions of what internationalization means and why it is regarded as important need further conceptualization in a higher education context. This is the first longitudinal autoethnography to discuss the meaning of internationalization. The present study makes noteworthy contributions to international higher education literature and practice. Based on the conceptual framework of value co-creation and consumer value theory, the study offers a conceptualization of internationalization. It establishes that internationalization cannot be driven by quantitative measures alone. Together these results provide important insight into what constitutes sustainability and resilience in higher education internationalization strategies. The study also proposes that internationalization relies on academics’ commitment and curiosity to engage in international value co-creation. Internationalization can only reach its full potential in higher education if its meaning is embedded in academic culture. 

References

Altbach, P. G., & de Wit, H. (2015). Internationalization and global tension: Lessons from history. Journal of Studies in International Education, 19(1), 4–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315314564734

Arnould, E. J., & Price, L. L. (1993). River magic: Extraordinary experiences and the extended service encounter. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(1), 24–45.

Arnould, E. J., & Thompson, C. J. (Eds.). (2018). Consumer culture theory. Sage.

Arnould, E., Crockett, D., & Eckhardt, G. (2021). Informing marketing theory through consumer culture theoretics. AMS Review, 11(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13162-021-00198-9

Beeton, S. (2022). Autoethnography in travel and tourism. In S. Beeton (Ed.), Unravelling travelling: uncovering tourist emotions through autoethnography (pp. 45–63). Emerald.

Bell, E., Bryman, A., & Harley, B. (2019). Business research methods (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.

Boadi, E. A., He, Z., Antwi, C. O., Md Altab, H., Bosompem, J., Hinson, R. E., & Atuobuah Boadi, V. (2022). Value co-creation and employee service behaviours: The moderating role of trust in employee - hotel relationship. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 66, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102898

Buckley, R. (2012). Rush as a key motivation in skilled adventure tourism: Resolving the risk recreation paradox. Tourism Management, 33(4), 961–970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.10.002

Buckley, R., & Cooper, M.-A. (2022). Analytical autoethnography in tourism research: When, why, how, and how reliable? Tourism Recreation Research, 49(6), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2022.2155784

Cambridge Dictionary. (2023). https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/

Campos, A. C., Mendes, J., Valle, P. O. d., & Scott, N. (2018). Co-creation of tourist experiences: A literature review. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(4), 369–400. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2015.1081158

Cova, B. (2021). The new frontier of consumer experiences: Escape through pain. AMS Review, 11(1), 60–69.

Cova, B., & Shankar, A. (2018). Consumption tribes and collective performance. In E. J. Arnould & C. J. Thompson (Eds.), Consumer culture theory (pp. 87–106). Sage.

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2008). Flow. The psychology of optimal experience. (First Harper Perennial Modern Classics ed.). Harper Collins Publishers.

de Wit, H. (2018). Evolving concepts, trends, and challenges in the internationalization of higher education in the world. Вопросы образования, (2 (eng)), 8-34. https://doi.org/10.17323/1814-9545-2019-2-8-34

de Wit, H. (2019). Internationalization in higher education, a critical review. Simon Fraser University Educational Review12(3), 9–17.

de Wit, H., & Altbach, P. G. (2021). Internationalization in higher education: global trends and recommendations for its future. Policy Reviews in Higher Education, 5(1), 28–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322969.2020.1820898

de Wit, H., & Leask, B. (2015). Internationalization, the Curriculum and the Disciplines. International Higher Education, (83), 10–12. https://doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2015.83.9079

Dollinger, M., Lodge, J., & Coates, H. (2018). Co-creation in higher education: Towards a conceptual model. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 28(2), 210–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2018.1466756

Eltayb, A., & Valcke, J. (2024). Insights from Glocal Educators: Unveiling the transformative journeys of Educational Developers. Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education, 16(5), 106–120. https://doi.org/10.32674/kznfxn70

Fakunle, O. & Hunter, F. (2024). Conceptualizing micro-level internationalization from empirical and conceptual constructs: adding the human dimension. Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education, 16(5). https://doi.org/10.32674/t39yvp55

Fleischman, D., Raciti, M., & Lawley, M. (2015). Degrees of co-creation: An exploratory study of perceptions of international students’ role in community engagement experiences. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 25(1), 85–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2014.986254

Friesen, R. (2013). Faculty member engagement in Canadian university internationalization: A consideration of understanding, motivations and rationales. Journal of Studies in International Education, 17(3), 209–227. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315312451132

Gallarza, M. G., Arteaga, F., & Gil-Saura, I. (2019). Customer value in tourism and hospitality: Broadening dimensions and stretching the value-satisfaction-loyalty chain. Tourism Management Perspectives, 31, 254–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.05.011

Galvagno, M., & Dalli, D. (2014). Theory of value co-creation: A systematic literature review. Managing Service Quality, 24(6), 643–683. https://doi.org/10.1108/msq-09-2013-0187

Giuseppe, M., Scott, M., Marcello, A., & Giacomo, D. C. (2022). Collaboration and learning processes in value co-creation: A destination perspective. Journal of Travel Research, 62(3), 699–716. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875211070349

Hackley, C. (2016). Autoethnography in consumer research. In P. Hackett (Ed.), Qualitative research methods in consumer psychology – ethnography and culture (pp. 105–117). Routledge.

Haru, A., Bryntesson, A., & Börjesson, M. (2022). The space of Nordic Erasmus+ students. A multivariate statistical analysis of characteristics, preferences and experiences. Swedish Center for Studies of the internationalisation of higher education (SIHE). Uppsala University. https://www.edu.uu.se/digitalAssets/1020/c_1020596-l_1-k_haru--bryntesson--borjesson--2022----the-space-of-nordic-erasmus

Holbrook, M. B. (1999). Introduction to consumer value. In Holbrook, M. B. (Ed.), Consumer value: A framework for analysis and research (pp. 1–28). Routledge.

Holbrook, M. B. (2005). Customer value and autoethnography: Subjective personal introspection and the meanings of a photograph collection. Journal of Business Research, 58(1), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(03)00079-1

Holbrook, M. B. (2021). Commentary: Consumption experiences, customer value, subjective personal introspection, the photographic essay, and semiological/hermeneutic interpretation. Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 31(4), 663–675. https://doi.org/10.1080/21639159.2020.1808822

Hosany, S., Sthapit, E., & Björk, P. (2022). Memorable tourism experience: A review and research agenda. Psychology & Marketing, 39(8), 1467–1486. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21665

Hsieh, H.-F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three Approaches to Qualitative Content Analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288.

Jaakkola, E., Kaartemo, V., Siltaloppi, J., & Vargo, S. L. (2024). Advancing service-dominant logic with systems thinking. Journal of Business Research, 177, Article 114592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114592

Järvi, H., Kähkönen, A.-K., & Torvinen, H. (2018). When value co-creation fails: Reasons that lead to value co-destruction. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 34(1), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scaman.2018.01.002

Jones, E., & de Wit, H. (2021). The globalization of internationalization. In E. Jones and H. de Wit (Eds.), International education at the crossroad (pp. 35–48). Indiana University Press.

Jowi, J. O. (2012). African universities in the global knowledge economy: The good and ugly of internationalization. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 22(1), 153–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2012.705799

Judson, K. M., & Taylor, S. A. (2014). Moving from marketization to marketing of higher education: The co-creation of value in higher education. Higher Education Studies, 4(1), 51–67.

Karagöz, D., Kama, S., & Uysal, M. (2024). Examining the relationships between mindfulness, eudaimonic and hedonic experiences, place attachment, loyalty: The moderating role of flow. Journal of Leisure Research, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2024.2305782

Kjeldgaard, D., Nøjgaard, M., Hartmann, B. J., Bode, M., Lindberg, F., Mossberg, L., & Östberg, J. (2021). Failure: Perspectives and prospects in marketing and consumption theory. Marketing Theory, 21(2), 277–286. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470593121992539

Knight, J. (2007). Internationalization: Concepts, complexities and challenges. In J. J. F. Forest & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), International Handbook of Higher Education, (pp. 207–227). Springer Netherlands.

Kuuru, T.-K. (2022). Embodied knowledge in customer experience: reflections on yoga. Consumption Markets & Culture, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253866.2022.2025783

Leask, B. & De Gayardon, A. (2021). Reimagining internationalization for society. Journal of Studies in International Education, 25(4), 323–329.

NUPI. (2014). https://www.nupi.no/publikasjoner/innsikt-og-kommentar/hvor-hender-det/hhd-2014/internasjonalisering-av-utdanning). Accessed 06.12.23.

Pearce, D. G. (2014). The Internationalization of Tourism Research. Journal of Travel Research, 53(3), 267-280. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513491336

Pink, S. (2008). Mobilising visual ethnography: Making routes, making place and making images. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 9(3), Article 36. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-9.3.1166

Prahalad, C. K., & Ramaswamy, V. (2004). Co-creation experiences: The next practice in value creation. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 18(3), 5–14.

Rather, R. A., Hollebeek, L. D., & Rasoolimanesh, S. M. (2022). First-time versus repeat tourism customer engagement, experience, and value cocreation: An empirical investigation. Journal of Travel Research, 61(3), 549–564. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287521997572

Ruiz-Molina, M. E., Gil-Saura, I., Moise, M. S., & Marín-García, A. (2022). ‘Green’ practices and value co-creation: does guest culture make a difference? Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 36(2), Article 2106274. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2106274

Schmitt, B., & Zarantonello, L. (2013). Consumer experience and experiential marketing: A critical review. In N. K. Malhotra (Ed.), Review of Marketing Research, 10, 25–61, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Siczek, M. M. (2024). The Lived Experience of Internationally Mobile Students: A Longitudinal Study. Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education, 16(5), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.32674/xcsqf896

Sicka, B., & Atajanova, A. (2024). Global South Sisterhood in a Virtual Exchange: A Critical Autoethnography. Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education, 16(5). https://doi.org/10.32674/prd4ky72

Smørvik, K. K., & Vespestad, M. K. (2020). Bridging marketing and higher education: Resource integration, co-creation and student learning. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 30(2), 256-270. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2020.1728465

Solakis, K., Katsoni, V., Mahmoud, A. B., & Grigoriou, N. (2022a). Factors affecting value co-creation through artificial intelligence in tourism: A general literature review. Journal of Tourism Futures, 10(1), 116–130. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-06-2021-0157

Solakis, K., Peña-Vinces, J., & Lopez-Bonilla, J. M. (2022b). Value co-creation and perceived value: A customer perspective in the hospitality context. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 28(1), Article 100175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2021.100175

Stephens, S. (2020). An autoethnography of respectful tourism: the double-bind of a female traveller in Morocco: CABI International.

Sugathan, P., Ranjan, K. R., & Mulky, A. G. (2017). An examination of the emotions that follow a failure of co-creation. Journal of Business Research, 78, 43–52. https://doi.org//10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.04.022

Tervalon M., Murray-García J. (1998). Cultural humility versus cultural competence: A critical distinction in defining physician training outcomes in multicultural education. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 9, 117–125.

Unger, O., Fuchs, G., & Uriely, N. (2020). Beyond the “tourist environmental bubble”: Encounters with locals and destination experiences of business travelers. Journal of Travel Research, 59(8), 1493–1505. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519884656

Van Schalkwyk, S. C., Hafler, J., Brewer, T. F., Maley, M. A., Margolis, C., McNamee, L., Meyer, I., Peluso, M. J., Schmutz, A. M., Spak, J. M., & Davies, D. (2019). Transformative learning as pedagogy for the health professions: A scoping review. Medical Education, 53(6), 547–558. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13804

Vespestad, M. K., & Smørvik, K. K. (2019). Co-creation as a tool to overcome cross-cultural differences in educational experiences? Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 32(3), 156-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2019.1685391

Vespestad, M.-K. (2023). Babymoon tourism: co-creating well-being for traveling mothers. Journal of Travel Research, 62(6), 1277–1289. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875221125669

Viglia, G., Pera, R., Dyussembayeva, S., Mifsud, M., & Hollebeek, L. D. (2023). Engagement and value cocreation within a multi-stakeholder service ecosystem. Journal of Business Research, 157, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113584

Volkova, N. V., & Plakhotnik, M. S. (2023). Commitment of key internal stakeholders during internationalization: Challenges of an emerging market culture. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 33(2), 245-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2021.1933672

White Paper No. 7. (2020-2021), The Norwegian ministry of Education and Research (2020). A world of opportunities, [my translation] (White paper). https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/meld.-st.-7-20202021/id2779627/?ch=6. Accessed 13.10.23.

Wieczerzycki, M., & Deszczyński, B. (2022). Collective storytelling: Value co-creation in narrative-based goods. Marketing Theory, 22(3), 445–463. https://doi.org/10.1177/14705931221075832

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.