ORCID
0000-0001-8958-3414
Keywords
Structural Racism, Power asymmetries, Critical Race Theory, RefugeeCrit, microaggression, Afghan refugee students, Delhi Universities
Special Issue
Special Issue Summer 2026
Abstract
Using Critical Race Theory and RefugeeCrit, this study examines structural racism and power asymmetries facing Afghan refugee students in Delhi universities. Drawing on eighteen in-depth interviews, analysis reveals four interconnected themes: (1) invisibility/hypervisibility paradoxes—students are academically voiceless yet constantly surveilled; (2) epistemic inequality—their trauma is extracted while intellectual contributions are dismissed; (3) pedagogical microaggressions—deficit assumptions erode confidence; and (4) institutional gatekeeping—documentation barriers perpetuate marginalization. Findings show that access-oriented policies are insufficient, as neutral-sounding rules reinforce systemic hierarchies. Reflexive thematic analysis underscores researcher positionality in meaning-making. The study expands CRT and RefugeeCrit within the Indian context, urging faculty training, curricular inclusion of refugee scholars, policy revisions, and participatory governance. Ultimately, it calls for a shift from symbolic inclusion to meaningful equity, fostering genuine belonging and academic justice.
References
Aragon, M. (2016). Epistemic injustice in education. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 48(9), 892–901.
Barnes, K. (2023). Education in times of restriction: An examination of refugee girls’ learning in Pakistan. BMJ Global Health, 8(6).
Bell, D. (1992). Faces at the bottom of the well: The permanence of racism. Basic Books.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589–597.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2022). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. Sage Publications.
Carter, P. L. (2007). Keepin’ it real: School success beyond Black and White. Oxford University Press.
Collins, P. H. (2000). Black feminist thought. Routledge.
Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241–1299.
Delgado, R., & Stefancic, J. (2017). Critical race theory: An introduction (3rd ed.). NYU Press.
Deshpande, S. (2018). Racialized experiences in Indian campuses. Seminar, 704, 21–27.
Dryden-Peterson, S. (2015). Refugee education: A global review. ASM Press.
Fricker, M. (2007). Epistemic injustice: Power and the ethics of knowing. Oxford University Press.
Hannah, J., & Robertson, D. (2017). Integrating refugees in higher education: Beyond access. Journal of Refugee Studies, 30(3), 457–478.
Hermann, G. S. (2011). Refugee graduate students’ experience: Persistent barriers despite resettlement. Journal of College Student Retention, 12(2), 197–210.
International Journal of Scientific Research. (2020). Afghans in India: Status and rights. International Journal of Scientific Research, 9(9), 1–5.
Iqbal, M. (2025). Educational barriers for Afghan refugees in Pakistan. International Migration Review, 59(2), 234–256.
International Research Journal of Humanities and Interdisciplinary Studies. (2024). India’s refugee policies and education: Integration challenges. International Research Journal of Humanities and Interdisciplinary Studies, 9(4), 113–127.
Jodhka, S. S. (2016). Ascriptive hierarchies: Caste and its reproduction in contemporary India. Current Sociology, 64(2), 228–243.
Ladson-Billings, G. (1998). Just what is critical race theory and what’s it doing in a nice field like education? International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 11(1), 7–24.
Lewis, D., & Mosse, D. (Eds.). (2006). Development brokers and translators: The ethnography of aid and agencies. Kumarian Press.
Malkki, L. (1995). Refugees and exile: From “refugee studies” to the national order of things. Annual Review of Anthropology, 24(1), 495–523.
Morrice, L. (2013). Refugees in higher education: Boundaries of belonging and recognition. Studies in Higher Education, 38(7), 1173–1189.
Nadal, K. L. (2018). Microaggressions and traumatic stress: Theory, research, and clinical treatment. American Psychological Association.
Nair, P. (2022). Refugees and the law in India: Policy and practice. Economic & Political Weekly, 57(2), 36–42.
Olsson, F., et al. (2023). Refugees’ aspirations and experiences in Swedish higher education. International Migration, 61(4), 44–61.
Patel, L. (2015). Decolonizing educational research: From ownership to answerability. Routledge.
Rahmani, M. (2019). Educational challenges of Afghan girls in Pakistan. Women’s Studies Journal, 33(1), 11–28.
Sharma, N., & Sood, N. (2023). Afghan youth in Indian higher education: Challenges and opportunities. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 43(2), 153–170.
Solórzano, D. G., & Yosso, T. J. (2002). Critical race methodology: Counter-storytelling as an analytical framework. Qualitative Inquiry, 8(1), 23–44.
Strekalova-Hughes, E. (2022). RefugeeCrit theoretical framework: Applications in education. University of Missouri-Kansas City Press.
Sue, D. W., et al. (2007). Racial microaggressions in everyday life. American Psychologist, 62(4), 271–286.
The Wire. (2020, [date if available]). Racism in Indian universities: A silent crisis. https://thewire.in
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2021). Refugee education 2030: A strategy for refugee inclusion.
Zembylas, M. (2022). The affective politics of refugee education: Humanitarianism and the promise of hospitality. Routledge.
Recommended Citation
Dochania, Akanksha Dr
(2026)
"Critical Race Theory and RefugeeCrit: A Reflective account on understanding the Structural Racism and Power Asymmetries Faced by Afghan Refugee Students in Universities in Delhi,"
Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education: Vol. 18:
No.
5, Article 7.
DOI: 10.64899/2151-0407.1882
Available at:
https://digitalcommons.lib.uconn.edu/jcihe/vol18/iss5/7

