Document Type

Article

Disciplines

Medicine and Health Sciences

Abstract

Objective To examine the short-term effects of the nicotine patch or nasal spray on measures of nicotine exposure, withdrawal symptoms, and on maternal and fetal heart rates in pregnant smokers. Methods We measured nicotine/cotinine concentrations and maternal and fetal heart rates during an 8-hour monitoring session while smoking and again after 4 days of nicotine patch (15 mg/16 hours), nasal spray (recommended regimen of 24 doses per day), or placebo treatment. Nicotine withdrawal symptoms were assessed daily. Results Twenty-one subjects, who smoked an average of 17 cigarettes per day, completed both monitoring sessions. Nicotine concentrations decreased from baseline smoking concentrations in all groups (p = 0.002). Percent change in cotinine concentration differed across groups (reduction = 77% with placebo, 70% with nasal spray, and 48% with patch; p = 0.029). Maternal heart rate decreased in the placebo and nasal spray groups compared with the patch group (p = 0.021). The baseline fetal heart rate decreased in the placebo group throughout the second monitoring session, but increased slightly in the patch and nasal spray groups. The treatment by time interaction was marginally significant (p = 0.052). Daily cigarette craving decreased more in the patch versus the other groups (p = 0.025). Conclusions

Nicotine patch and nasal spray reduce maternal nicotine exposure compared with smoking and may be effective for smoking cessation

Comments

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 September 9. Published in final edited form as: J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009 September; 22(9): 751–758. doi: 10.3109/14767050902994515 PMCID: PMC3169999 NIHMSID: NIHMS321641

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