Date of Completion

7-6-2016

Embargo Period

6-30-2016

Advisors

Flavio Uribe, Takanori Sobue

Field of Study

Dental Science

Degree

Master of Dental Science

Open Access

Open Access

Abstract

Biomarkers of orthodontic tooth movement with fixed appliances and vibration device: A randomized clinical trial

Marie-Claude Chouinard D.M.D.

ABSTRACT

Background: On average, comprehensive orthodontic treatments last approximately 21-27 months in non-extraction cases and 25-35 months when teeth elected for extraction. Longer treatment times have been associated with multiple detrimental effects such as white spot lesions, root resorption, gingival inflammation and dental caries. Recently, some evidence has shown that the application of mechanical vibration to the dentition can increase the rate of tooth movement. However, the biological mechanism underlying this effect is not clearly understood. The aims of this study were to determine if the addition of vibration to the regular fixed orthodontic appliances could alter the expression of biological factors involved in bone remodeling as well as the speed of orthodontic tooth movement and to evaluate its role in the control of pain in patients.

Materials and Methods: A total of 14 patients, aged from 15 to 35 years old, in good health and exhibiting at least 5 mm of crowding were randomly allocated to two groups: one group used a vibration device 20 minutes per day in combination with fixed appliances and the other group solely had fixed appliances treatment. Biomarkers in saliva, the regularity index, the mobility of the teeth, the oral quality of life as well as the level of pain experienced during treatment were examined during the trial for an overall period of 3 months.

Results: Overall, no statistically significant difference in the rate of tooth movement was found between the control and the experimental groups. Multivariate linear regression was also performed to assess any potential correlations between the initial irregularity, age, sex and type of intervention on the reduction of the irregularity index. The only significant difference appreciated among the groups was attributed to the gender at T0 and T1, with the female group experiencing statistically significant less crowding. There was no significant difference in pain levels as well as the oral quality of life of the patients at any time points between both groups. Tooth mobility at the level of the incisors significantly increased after T0, peaking at the 5 weeks’ adjustment appointment. No statistically significant difference was seen in the expression of IL-1B, IL-8 and TNF-α when control group was compared to Acceledent group. However, great variability was seen between patients.

Conclusions: Application of vibration during orthodontic treatment did not show a statistically significant difference in the rate of tooth movement, the level of pain experienced by the patient as well as the oral quality of life assessment compared to the fixed appliances only group. The salivary expression of IL-1 and IL-8 also failed to show any differences between both groups at any time points.

Major Advisor

Taranpreet K. Chandhoke

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