Three to tango: Prenegotiation and mediation in the reestablishment of Anglo-Argentine diplomatic relations (1983--1990)

Date of Completion

January 2003

Keywords

Political Science, General|Political Science, International Law and Relations

Degree

Ph.D.

Abstract

This study highlights the importance of the prenegotiation process in international negotiations. During this preliminary stage, the principal parties were able to reduce the risks of escalation; they defined and narrowed the boundaries of the dispute, clearly identified the trade-offs, and structured the agenda of formal negotiations. Consequently, the likelihood of successful negotiation improved significantly when the parties reach an agreement during PN on what will be discussed later. ^ This case also illustrate that sometimes, when negotiations reach a point of stalemate, a mediator can help to find a “zone of agreement.” When this situation occurs, the degree of involvement and the resources of the mediator are particularly important. Finally, this case confirms the assertions that effective mediation is more a matter of leverage and influence than a matter of impartiality. ^ This research studies the process of prenegotiation and the role of mediators during the negotiations between the Argentine and British governments about the dispute over the sovereignty of the Falkland/Malvinas Islands from immediately after the war of 1982 to 1990. In this period, the relationship between both governments evolved from rupture and no-relations to the agreement on the conditions to negotiate the renewal of full diplomatic relations concluded in early 1990. In a preliminary process of prenegotiation, the governments of Switzerland, initially, and the United States played a role in helping to reach an agreement. The former failed when the talks ended abruptly in July 1984. The latter succeeded in getting both parties to the table and keeping them there, thus avoiding a potential rupture until the two parties reached an agreement in principle. ^ By analyzing the interaction dynamics and the processes of learning and adjustment of the parties this research follows a developmental model. This model assumes that the outcomes of a negotiation process are neither predetermined nor random, but are the result of a progressive process of information exchange, learning, social influences, mutual adjustment and joint decision making. Consequently, the outcome of a negotiation is generally determined through the process itself. ^

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